芩的天地

week11

Tragedy

Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides

Aeschylus

Sophocles

Euripides 

Comedy

Aristophanes

A brief psychological overview of Athena

      Athena - extroverted and independent temperament--represents the goddess of wisdom and civilization--concerned with career, motivated by the desire for achievement, acquiring knowledge, she possesses a keen intellect, concerned with education, culture, social issues and politics. Athena is father’s daughter. She enters the male arena in the outer world. Athena is also known as one of the three Amazon women. (The myth of the Amazon women spoke of a society of fierce warrior women who lived entirely without men.) The story of her birth: she emerged, fully-grown, out of the Head of Zeus.

Satyr play

       Satyr plays were an ancient Greek form of tragicomedy, similar in spirit to the bawdy satire ofburlesque. They featured choruses of satyrs, were based on Greek mythology, and were rife with mock drunkenness, brazen sexuality (including phallic props), pranks, sight gags, and general merriment.

       Satyric drama was one of the three varieties of Athenian drama, the other two being tragedy andcomedy. It can be traced back to Pratinas of Phlius, c. 500 BC. After settling in Athens, he probably adapted the dithyramb, customary in his native home, with its chorus of satyrs, to complement the form of tragedy which had been recently invented in Athens. It met with approval and was further developed by his son Aristeas, by Choerilus, by Aeschylus, and others.

       In the Athenian Dionysia, each playwright customarily entered four plays into the competition: threetragedies and one satyr play to be performed either at the end of the festival or between the second and third tragedies of a trilogy, as a spirited entertainment, a comic relief to break the oppression of hours of gloomy and fatalistic tragedy. They were short, half the duration of a tragedy. The general theme of heaven, fate, and the gods affecting human affairs in the tragedies was carried through into the festivities of the chorus of satyrs and Sileni, companions of Dionysus.

Dionysus

       Dionysus is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in Greek mythology. Alcohol, especially wine, played an important role in Greek culture with Dionysus being an important reason for this life style.His name, thought to be atheonym in Linear B tablets as di-wo-nu-so (KH Gq 5 inscription), shows that he may have been worshipped as early as c. 1500–1100 BC by Mycenean Greeks; other traces of the Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient Minoan Crete.His origins are uncertain, and his cults took many forms; some are described by ancient sources as Thracian, others as Greek. In some cults, he arrives from the east, as an Asiatic foreigner; in others, fromEthiopia in the South. He is a god of epiphany, "the god that comes", and his "foreignness" as an arriving outsider-god may be inherent and essential to his cults. He is a major, popular figure of Greek mythology and religion, and is included in some lists of the twelve Olympians. Dionysus was the last god to be accepted into Mt. Olympus. He was the youngest and the only one to have a mortal mother.His festivals were the driving force behind the development of Greek theatre. Modern scholarship categorises him as a dying-and-rising god.

Bacchus

       Bacchus was the Roman god of agriculture and wine, copied from the Greek god Dionysus. He was the last god to join the twelve Olympians; Hestia gave up her seat for him. His plants were vines and twirling ivy. He often carried a pinecone-topped staff, and his followers were goat-footed Satyrs and Maenads, wild women who danced energetically during his festivals.

Nov-new

Innovation

something new or different introduced:

numerous innovations in the high-school curriculum.

the act of innovating; introduction of new things or methods.

Renovation unequal revolution

Renovation

verb (used with object), renovated, renovating.

to restore to good condition; make new or as if new again; repair.

to reinvigorate; refresh; revive.

adjective

Archaic. renovated.

Revolution

an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

Sociology. a radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure, especially one made suddenly and often accompanied by violence.

Compare social evolution.

a sudden, complete or marked change in something:

the present revolution in church architecture.

a procedure or course, as if in a circuit, back to a starting point.

a single turn of this kind.